Yavadunam
Whatever the extent of its deficiency (ya · va · du · nam)
What it means
Square a number that's close to a round base — like 97 or 998 — in two steps, by measuring how far short it falls. The corollary upa-sutra spells out the second step: reduce by that shortage, and square the shortage itself.
Worked example
Square 97. 97 falls short of 100 by 3. Subtract that shortage from the original: 97 − 3 = 94. Square the shortage: 3² = 9, written as 09 (two digits because the base 100 has two zeros). Stick them together: 9409.