Chalana-Kalanabhyam
Differences and similarities (cha · la · na ka · la · na · bhyam)
What it means
Find how fast something changes — speed, slope, steepness — at any single moment. When a height or distance depends on time as t² or t³, the small number 2 or 3 sitting up high is called the "power" (also known as the exponent). The Vedic rule: bring the power down to the front, and lower it by one. The Western name for the same idea is "differentiation".
Worked example
Height = t² metres. How fast at t = 3? The power is 2. Bring it to the front and lower by one: rate = 2 × t¹ = 2t. At t = 3: rate = 2 × 3 = 6 metres per second.